Background: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), comprising 10–20% of epithelial ovarian neoplasms, are characterized by atypical epithelial proliferation without stromal invasion and typically exhibit favorable prognosis. This study delineates the clinical and pathological characteristics of BOT patients and evaluates recurrence and survival outcomes following surgical treatment at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital.

Methods: A combined retrospective and prospective cohort study was conducted on 64 patients with histologically confirmed BOT, treated surgically between January 2018 and December 2023. Data on clinical presentation, imaging, pathology, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results: The median age was 46.0 years (range: 16–77), with 59.4% of patients aged <50 years. Serous BOT predominated (78.1%), followed by mucinous (18.7%). Most patients (75.0%) presented at FIGO stage I. Fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 35.9% of cases, and 14.1% underwent laparoscopy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 20.3% of patients. Over a median follow-up of 33.6 months, two patients (3.1%) experienced recurrence, and one died.

Conclusions: BOT patients at Vietnam National Cancer Hospital are predominantly young, with early-stage serous tumors. The low recurrence rate and limited mortality suggest a favorable prognosis, though fertility-sparing surgery may require vigilant surveillance.

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